In this investigation, the microstructure of an as weld hypoeutectic Fe-Cr-C hard-facing alloy was studied using XRD and SEM technique. SEM test result showed that the microstructure consist of primary austenite dendrites with eutectic of (Fe, Cr)7 C3+austenite. EDX point analysis determined chemical formula at centre of the eutectic carbides as Fe2.2Cr4.8C3 and in periphery as Fe2.4Cr4.6C3, The average content of chromium in the primary austenite is 19.5%. XRD test result determined that lattice parameter of primary austenite is 0.361 nm and in austenite of eutectic is

Luster decoration is a thin layer of copper and/or silver nanocrystals dispersed within the glassy matrix. Color and shine of luster decorations depend on absorption and reflection of light. The sizes of metallic nanoparticles have an important effect on interaction of light and these particles. The quality of the thing is seen is related to amount of absorption and reflection light. In this paper different luster raw paints are applied over a tin-opacified glaze and then the samples was fired under suitable oxidation and reduction atmosphere. The sizes of formed nanoparticles in lusters with different color and shine were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to quantitative analysis and determination of nanoparticle sizes. Experiments showed that color and average size of metallic nanoparticles depend on luster raw paints and the presence of copper in raw paint reduces the size of nanoparticles.

In this paper, spin-dependent electrical transport properties are investigated in a single-crystal magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) which consists of two ferromagnetic Fe electrodes separated by an MgO insulating barrier. These properties contain electric current, spin polarization and tunnel magneto resistance (TMR). For this purpose, spin-dependent Hamiltonian is described for D1 and D5 bands in the transport direction. The transmission is calculated by Green' s function formalism based on a single-band tight-binding approximation. The transport properties are investigated as a function of the barrier thickness in the limit of coherent tunneling. We have demonstrated that dependence of the TMR on the applied voltage and barrier thickness. Our numerical results may be useful for designing of spintronic devices. The numerical results may be useful in designing of spintronic devices.

In order to control the surface area and morphology of zinc oxide, wurtzite-type zinc oxide was successfully grown on gamma-alumina particles via heterogeneous precipitation method using urea hydrolysis as precipitation agent. Bayerite seed particles were added to system as the alumina precursor during the precipitation step. Also, the effect of alumina particles and zinc oxide content on morphology, surface area and UV absorption were investigated. Microscopic observations evidenced the formation of zinc oxide nanoflakes and nanosheets on alumina particles. The surface area measurements proved a reachable high surface area for this presented system and approach.

Maintaining soil structure and stability is essential, especially in arid and SEMi-arid regions with poor soil structural stability. Destruction of soil and its crust can cause wind erosion and desertification. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using hydrogel nanocomposite mulch on the stabilization of sand surfaces. A wind tunnel test was used to evaluate the erodibility of samples treated with different amounts of hydrogel nanocomposite. The compressive strength of the samples was measured by a manual penetrometer. The prepared nanocomposites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) images. The results of the wind tunnel showed that the addition of hydrogel nanocomposite to the samples improved the soil erosion rate by 100% at a speed of 15 m/s compared to the control sample. Bonding between sand particles by spraying hydrogel nanocomposites improves the erodibility of sand. Measurement of mechanical strength of treated samples after 30 days showed that the resistance of the crust increased with increasing the amount of nanocellulose in the composite, which can be expressed due to the increased surface area of the nanoparticle and the possibility of further bonding of the nanocomposite polymer bed with sand particles. While the crust diameter showed no significant difference with increasing concentration and the sample treated with nanocomposites containing 3% nanoparticles was thicker compared to other samples.

Nanotechnology is a young scientific field that holds great promise for solving several issues across various domains. The concept of synthesizing nanoparticles from their respective metals has been introduced by the combination of nanotechnology with other scientific disciplines such as chemistry, biology, and physics. Numerous kinds of nanoparticles have been created to date and are employed in numerous industries for a range of purposes. Additionally, scientists are drawn to Copper nanoparticles due to their notable and extensive bioactivity. Copper nanoparticles have been employed as possible antibacterial agents in numerous biomedical applications because of their high surface area to volume ratio. However, overuse of any metal nanoparticle raises the possibility of harm to people other animals and the environment.